Smart Drone to Provide Warnings on Violation of Physical Distancing and Use of Masks During the COVID-19 Pandemic With Artificial Intelligence Technology

Thebestindonesia.com – There are two health protocols for preventing and controlling Covid-19: personal health protection and public health protection. Individual health protection includes using personal protective equipment in the form of masks, cleaning hands regularly, maintaining a minimum distance of 1 meter from other people, and implementing Clean and Healthy Behavior. Meanwhile, public health protection includes health promotion activities, provision of hand washing facilities, enforcement of discipline, monitoring of conditions, close contact tracing, rapid testing, or Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (Ministry of Health, 2020). Each region will try to prevent and control Covid-19 in Indonesia by creating a particular group called the Covid-19 Handling Task Force. The COVID-19 task force monitors, controls, and evaluates the situation. The protocol implemented for the community is wearing masks, keeping a distance and avoiding crowds, and washing hands. Keeping a distance from others is a preventive measure to prevent droplets from people talking, coughing, or sneezing. Operations are usually carried out at strategic points in areas with the most crowds, such as malls, tourist spots, markets, etc.

Efforts to prevent and control Covid-19 in Indonesia created a group called the Task Force for Handling Covid-19. The COVID-19 task force monitors, controls, and evaluates their respective areas. The protocol implemented for the community is 3M wearing masks, keeping a distance and avoiding crowds, and washing hands. Keeping a distance from others is a preventive measure to prevent droplets from people talking, coughing, or sneezing. Operations are usually carried out at strategic points in areas with the most crowds, such as malls, tourist spots, markets, etc.

With the development of technology, many innovations have been developed to help solve community problems. One of them is by utilizing Artificial Intelligent Technology, especially Machine learning. This approach is an artificial intelligence approach widely used to mimic human behavior to solve problems or automation. The machine learning process starts with training, classifying, and regression. The machine learning training process requires data to learn. Then the process is continued for classifying objects based on specific characteristics. After the classifier process, the machine guesses the input data output based on the data studied in the training process. The developed system can monitor people’s movements flexibly and in real time through intelligent drones. Hopefully, this system can automatically identify violators of the Covid-19 physical distancing health protocol and then give a warning by detecting the human position and calculating the distance. When the length exceeds the minimum physical distancing limit, it will be categorized as a Covid-19 health protocol violator. Thus this intelligent drone can be a system that can reduce violations of the Covid-19 health protocol due to a continuous and automatic monitoring and warning system. With this technological approach, the innovations developed can facilitate the task force in handling the Covid-19 health protocol in Indonesia.

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Smart Drone is an innovation warning of physical distancing and the use of masks that will operate automatically. This tool can control the drone body by itself because it contains the concept of machine learning. There is a GPS to find out every coordinate of an area. There is a distance sensor to avoid collisions with objects.

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The system inside the drone is used to monitor the movement of human activities. Drones can analyze the physical distance between people using computer vision, machine learning, and python language to detect intervals between people according to the Covid-19 health protocol, a minimum length of 1 meter. The model used is based on YOLOv3 (You Only Look Once). The drone will detect humans in the image or frame, and only the “human” and “mask” classes will be filtered, ignoring class objects. The bounding box is structure mapped. Distances are measured using the results obtained from this process. If the result is that humans do not use masks and the space is less than the minimum limit of 1 meter, a warning will be given from the speaker embedded in the drone.

The following is the mechanism for using smart drones:

1. The drone will check the initial conditions by the Covid-19 handling task force and will be placed at the drone airport. The drone owns a GPS sensor, which is used to store drone airport coordinates and monitor locations. The drone will be expected to fly with a maximum height of 1 meter above any object. If there is an object in front, behind, beside, or above, the drone will provide a minimum distance of 1 meter for accurate monitoring. This ability is owned thanks to the support of ultrasonic distance sensors.
2. Drones fly at the monitoring location for a maximum of 20 minutes to monitor and warn about physical distancing and the use of masks.
3. This drone can detect the position of human presence using the YOLOv3 (You Only Look Once) method with a webcam sensor processed by Arduino. If a human is found close to a distance of less than 1 meter, a warning will be sounded by the speaker, who will tell the public to keep their distance. In addition, this drone will detect the presence of a mask on every human face. If you are not wearing a mask, a warning will also be sounded by the speaker in the form of a voice to use a mask according to government recommendations.

Smart Drone uses the following components and programs:

1. Drones. The drone used has a long flight time of around 30 minutes. Then there is a webcam for scanning human movements.
2. Arduino. Arduino is used as the control center for all of these intelligent drones.
3. Ultrasonic sensors. It is used to avoid objects that block the flight of drones while monitoring.
4. Speakers. It is used as a warning sign that humans have violated physical distancing. Combined with a red LED that will blink as long as the speaker is still on.
5. The human presence detection program will analyze those categorized as humans, and then the minimum distance between humans is 1 meter.
6. GPS sensors. Used to determine the starting coordinates, path coordinates, and coordinates for the return of the drone
7. Randirop Sensor. Used to detect rain, When the rain comes, the drone will return to its initial coordinates.
8. Battery. The battery used is the default from the drone whose power source is connected to Arduino as the drone control center